ЭКОНОМИКА И БИЗНЕС: теория и практика

Файзиев Ш.Ш. Тенденции в оценке развития малого бизнеса / Ш.Ш. Файзиев, Ф.М. Илхомджонова // Экономика и бизнес: теория и практика. – 2017. – №1. – С. 122-129.

TRENDS IN ASSESSING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS

S.S. Fayziyev, lecturer

F.M. Ilxomjonova, lecturer

Tashkent financial institute

(Uzbekistan, Tashkent)

Abstract. As a result of structural changes in the economic reforms implemented in Uzbekistan reached the level of sustainable growth in all sectors. Continuing the steady pace of the process is largely dependent on the development of small business and private entrepreneurship. How the development of this sector will increase up to the population finds employment, incomes and living standards of a number of positive changes will occur, and provided the duration of the increase in GDP per capital.

Keywords: small business, private enterprise, evaluation, development index, efficiency, innovation, export.

As a result of the ongoing structural changes in the economy, the share of the gross domestic product and employed a number of positive changes. In particular, the economy created 31% of GDP in 2000, the share of small business and private entrepreneurship, while the share of industry in GDP in 2015 increased to 56.7%. The share of those employed in small business and private entrepreneurship in 2000 to 49.7%, while in 2015, 77.9% [1].

The development of small business and private entrepreneurship in domestic laws and regulations, as a result of the implementation of measures in this sector is developing at a rapid pace. As of today, more than 60% of new jobs created, the share of this sector. In addition, as a result of the development of its public employment year-over-year increase. The President noted: ‘The share of income from business activities in 2010 to 47.1 percent instead of 52 percent, and this is significantly higher than the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, I would like to emphasize that. 2010 [2].

These indicators are characterized as high in comparison with the countries of the CIS states, even in comparison with developed and developing countries also showed high expression (Figure 4). Compared with the present situation in foreign countries the composition of its exports and the need to give special attention to the share of innovative activity.

According to the assessment of the state of development of small business and private entrepreneurship, comparative research methods. This assessment methods based on the use of appropriate indicators reflecting the development of the small business in order to compare the situation with foreign countries and its future development is divided able to study foreign experiences.

Also, the help of the methods of evaluation of other areas of small businesses in the country to determine the basis of the comparative study of existing problems and make recommendations on solutions.

Evaluation consists of two parts. The development of small businesses in the first part of a series of indices have been developed, they are in foreign countries on the basis of comparison of the level of development of situation in Uzbekistan. Based on these indices can also be used to compare the status of the country. The second part of the main factors of production in the field of small business in the country which will be specific to the level of use of labor and capital.

The following indicators are used to assess;

– Small business and private entrepreneurship in the GDP;

– The share of employment in small business and private entrepreneurship;

– The share of small business and private entrepreneurship in exports;

– The share of gross investment in the small business and private entrepreneurship, investment and volume;

– Small business and private entrepreneurship in the GDP;

– Small businesses in other sectors and GDP;

– Small businesses in other sectors and the size of the share in GDP;

– The share of small businesses in other sectors and employment;

– Small businesses in other sectors and the volume of investments and the share of gross investments.

The index of small business development ever increasing choice expresses evaluation. Units in 2015 and 0.35 in 2005 to 0.65 units, 1.9 times (Figure 1).

It should be noted that the values of this index in the country of export development index (the index of the two remaining KBSItExp  (GDP development index (КВSItYalM) and employment development index (КВSItBand), the value is relatively small.

The study of the status of the development of small businesses in the country access to the factors of production to determine the compatibility of its contribution to the quality of economic growth for small businesses and other industries is analyzed on the basis of a specific assessment methods.

2004-2015 years, small businesses and other small business productivity perspective of the vibration situation. Of small businesses in this indicator compared to other sectors of small businesses as high as 5.39 units in 2004 decreased by 3.81 units in 2015 and represents 1.4 times decline. Small businesses in other areas the figure was 2,625 units in 2004 decreased by 2.43 units in 2015 (Table 1).

Table 1. Small Business and efficiency of small businesses based on factors other networks

The main reason for the decline tendency for both capital is explained by the change in runoff growing (Table 2).

One indicator of the effectiveness of small business component — relative labor productivity in the years 2004-2015 an average of 0.67, which is equal to unity, and the small business sector (large companies) in the comparative period, an average of 1.87 units, which represents the choice of more than 3 times. The main reason is the difference between the levels of capital intensity.

Table 2. The effectiveness of small businesses and small businesses in other areas

Note: the source State statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Small business capital intensity level of this period, an average of 0.38, which is equal to unity, and small businesses in other areas, the size of this period, 2.68 per unit, which represents the choice of more than 7 times in accordance with the change in the level of capital intensity, in turn, changes in the relative labor productivity. This is the highest level of efficiency in the provision of capital to these indicators (Figure 2,3).

Small business to increase the supply of capital for the Microcredit commercial bank in the country. As well as small business and private entrepreneurship in the Export Support Fund was established by the Fund of small business in foreign markets and foreign partners, as well as to participate in international tenders to export contracts, certificates, permits and customs documents of practical assistance [3].

Small business promotion company «Uztadbirkorexport». The company performs the following tasks in order to stimulate the activity of small businesses export [4]. Small businesses and private entrepreneurs to export their goods directly to the contracts, as well as through trading houses to be established abroad;

– Small business and private entrepreneurship on the basis of export contracts in force pre-export financing;

– Of small business and private entrepreneurship on the orders of technological equipment, spare parts, spare parts, raw materials and supplies;

– certification of export products to help small businesses, promotional activities, participation in and organization of international fairs and exhibitions on behalf of the small business and private entrepreneurship, information and consultancy services.

Developed and developing countries’ experience shows that small business and private entrepreneurship in the economy accounted for 98-99% of the enterprises. For these countries, the share of industry in GDP this 50- to 60% if its share of those employed in the economy, the intestines, an amount between 50-80% expresses it. Russia and Belarus and the CIS countries revealed that less than 2 times the average amount of the above indicators was observed. In Russia, the share of small business and private entrepreneurship in the gross enterprises 40 42% of GDP by 23-25% and 35-37%, which represents the share of employed in the economy.

In accordance with the relevant indicators of the Republic of enterprises accounted for 25-28%, 20-23% share in GDP and employment equivalent to 35 to 38%, then the above is much smaller numbers expresses it (Figure 4, Table 3-4-Valls) [5].

Table 3. Developed and developing countries, The role of small business in the economy, (%)

Note: source ttps://www.imf.org/external/np/seminars/eng/2015/jica2015/pdf/1-в1.pdf.

Table 4. Trends in the development of small and medium enterprises in different countries

Note: source http://cyberleninka.ru/article/п/malyy-i-sredniy-biznes-v-usloviyah-globalizatsii-mirovoy-ekonnomiki

Methods using an index calculated on the basis of indicators to evaluate the development of small business in the countries studied three groups (Table 5). The first group having a higher index China, Germany and Japan. This group of small business development in the countries included in the index reflects the value of between 0,75-1,0.

Table 5. Individual countries, the Small Business Development Index *

Note: * 7-related development index middle arithmetic values in the tables

The second group of small business development index between 0,50-0,74-unit value represents the part of South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the United States and Vietnam.

The third group of countries included Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, India and Bangladesh, with the development of small business in the index reflects an amount less than 0.50.

Table 6. Individual countries, the Small Business Development Index *

Note: source https://www.imf.org /external/пр/seminars/eng/2015/jica2015/рdf/1-B1.pdf The State Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan

Small Business Development index shows that the share of exports of small business development index based on comparison between the values represented by the sharp vibrational mode (Table 7).

As well as the highest index of small business development in the share of exports in the previous development index values expresses it. This is the development of small business and private entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan’s export potential will require special attention. In particular, appropriate measures should be based on the development of the export potential of the country. The kb development index and the share of exports kb development experience of countries with high index of national economic system characteristics to be used in specific events.

Table 7. An analysis of the share of small business in some sectors of the economy, the specific

Note: source https://www.imf.org/external/пр/seminars/eng/2015/jica2015/pdf/1 -В1.pdf, Based on data from the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan the author’s account

The average index of small business development as well, although the situation in industry and innovative activities as well as the share of exports is lagging behind. Small business in the industry is almost close to the situation in Germany, but lagging behind China and 1.3 times. Germany, while the share of small business exports by 2.1 times, 1.9 times behind China.

References

1. Islam Karimov The main objective of reforms carried out in spite of the current difficulties zttirish to continue structural reforms in the economy, private property, and providing greater opportunities for small businesses. 2010. P. 65-68.

2. http://www.stat.uz/State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan

3. www.imf.org/external/пр/seminars/eng/2015/jica2015/pdf/1-В1.pdf

4. http://www.stat.uz/Based on data from the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan the author’s account.

5. http://www.lex.uz/ President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to support the export of small business and private entrepreneurship On additional measures on August 8, 2015 No. PP-2022.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В ОЦЕНКЕ РАЗВИТИЯ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА

Ш.Ш. Файзиев, преподаватель

Ф.М. Илхомджонова, преподаватель

Ташкентский финансовый институт

(Узбекистан, г. Ташкент)

Аннотация. В результате осуществляемых экономических реформ в Узбекистане достигается уровень стабильного роста во всех сферах и отраслях. Продолжение этих процессов в ускоренных темпах во многом зависит от развития малого бизнеса и частного предпринимательства. Чем развита данная сфера, тем больше занятость населения, возникает ряд положительных изменений в уровне жизни и доходах населения и обеспечивается продолжительность роста ВВП на душу населения.

Ключевые слова: малый бизнес, частное предпринимательство, оценка, индекс развития, эффективность, инновационная деятельность, экспорт.